National Planning for Library and Information Service: Reality or Utopia?
Abstract
InglésCarlos Victor Penna, pioneer and expert in library planning, presents his assessment of the present situation and future prospects for developing coordinated library and information services in Latin America. Penna recalls how the idea of library planning for Latin America first arose in the 1960s when UNESCO workers, engaged in a project to improve and develop primary schools there, saw that library services—inextricably linked to the educational process—could also benefit greatly from systematic planning. The author’s seminal UNESCO report of 1960, later published as Planning Library Services (1967), was the catalyst for many early planning projects, including the organization of regional conferences and technical seminars; the creation of library research centers at the Universities of Buenos Aires and Dakar; and the development of an audiovisual training program to prepare librarians in areas where there were no library schools.
Generally speaking, however, national governments, which support most libraries in Latin America, are often besieged with social and economic problems, and—with the exception of Venezuela—do not make the systematic planning and financing of library services a priority. As a result, Penna points out, Latin American librarianship had developed in a fragmented, horizontal manner—through the creation of isolated libraries whose functioning remains uncoordinated.
One of our author’s key points has always been the need for a national information policy to design and carry out library development. The planning of library and information services must take place vertically within those political and economic spheres of power capable of formulating and executing national policy. The author urges professional associations of librarians and information specialists to improve training of librarians; to work with government officials in the formulation of policies on library development; to cooperate with schools and research centers in establishing a critical dialogue on national planning for libraries; and to create an awareness of the importance of libraries in a nation’s socioeconomic growth. In addition, Penna feels it is essential to precisely and unequivocally define a proper role for the new technology in library services, in order to ultimately reduce Latin America’s dependence on foreign information sources.
Penna concludes emphatically that without the commitment and efforts of national governments, international organizations like OAS and UNESCO, and professional associations throughout Latin America, library planning there will not—and cannot—become a reality.
Español
El planeamiento nacional de bibliotecas y servicios de información: ¿realidad o utopía?
Carlos Victor Penna, pionero y experto en planeamiento bibliotecario, presenta su eveluación de la situación actual y los prospectos futuros para el desarrollo de planes coordinados de bibliotecas y servicios de información en América Latina. Penna recuerda como la idea de planeación bibliotecaria para Américe Latina se presentó por primera vez en los 1960s cuando los funcionarios de la UNESCO se comprometieron en un proyecto para mejorar el desarrollo de escuelas primarias allá y vieron que los servicios bibliotecarios—intrínsecamente ligados al proceso educativo—podían beneficiar grandemente de la planeación sistemática. Penna, autor del informe de la UNESCO de 1960, que se publicó más tarde con el título de Planeación de servicios bibliotecarios (1967), fué el catalista para muchos de los proyectos iniciales, incluyendo la organización regional de conferencias y seminarios técnicos; la creación de centros de investigación bibliotecaria en las Universidades de Buenos Aires y de Dakar; y el desarrollo de un programa de capacitación audiovisual para preparar bibliotecarios en las áreas donde no había escuelas de bibliotecología.
Hablando en términos generales, sin embargo, los gobiernos nacionales, que apoyan la mayoría de las bibliotecas en América Latina, son frecuentemente acosados con problemas sociales y económicos, y—con la excepción de Venezuela—no dan a la planeación sistemática y los servicios bibliotecarios una prioridad. Como resultado, señala Penna, la bibliotecología latinoamericana se ha desarrollado en forma fragmentada, de manera horitontal—a través de la creación de bibliotecas aisladas cuyo funcionamiento permanece incoordinado.
Uno de los puntos claves del autor ha sido siempre la necesidad de una política nacional de información para diseñar y llevar a cabo el desarrollo bibliotecario. La planeación de los servicios bibliotecarios y de información debe realizarse verticalmente dentro de aquellas esferas de podor económicas y políticas capaces de formular y ejecutar una política nacional. El autor llama a las asociaciones profesionales de bibliotecarios y especialistas de la información a mejorar la capacitación de los bibliotecarios; trabajar con funcionarios del gobierno en la elaboración de políticas de desarrollo bibliotecario; cooperar con escuelas y centros de información para establecer un diálogo crítico sobre políticas nacionales de bibliotecas; y para crear una conciencia de la importancia de las bibliotecas en el desarrollo socioeconómico de las naciones. Además, Penna piensa que es esencial precisa e inequivocamente definir el papel adecuado de la nueva tecnología en los servicios bibliotecarios, de manera que se reduzcan la dependencia latinoamericana en las fuentes extranjeras de información.
Penna concluye enfáticamente que sin el compromiso y los esfuerzos de los gobiernos nacionales, de los organismos internacionales como la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA) y la UNESCO, y de las asociaciones profesionales a lo largo de América Latina, el planeamiento bibliotecario no podrá volverse realidad.
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